<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muwaffaq I. Alomoush</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multicriteria Optimal Location of TCPAR in a Competitive Energy Market Using ELECTRE III</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 44th International Universities Power Engineering Conference</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Power System Operation and Control</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Power system planning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></edition><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">University of Strathclyde</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In a competitive energy market environment, the independent system operator (ISO) or a qualified entity stands as the decision-making entity that finds the optimal dispatch schedules of the generators and demands participating in the bidding process. The traditional objective function in this process is a social welfare function which is built from offer and bid curves of the generators and demands participating in bidding process. The constraints include system physical constraints and constraints on bids and offers provided by market participants. The outputs of the electric energy dispatch decision process include values of power outputs of generators and honored values of demands and energy price at each bus of the transmission system. If transmission congestion is reached in this process, energy prices vary from bus to bus in the system, and consequently congestion costs can be determined and imposed on transmission system users. Both congestion and transmission losses contribute to changes in energy prices at different locations of the system, where a flat profile of locational marginal prices (LMPs) is a situation that accompanies lossless congestion-free dispatch. If demands are elastic, total optimal demand served and total optimal generation produced will be different from those obtained from transmission unconstrained dispatch or those obtained from the dispatch with inelastic loads. The basic task of transmission network is to effectively convey electrical energy from generation resources to demands, while maintaining necessary standards of security and quality of power supply. Even though transmission system has been recognized as a key element in regulated monopolies, its importance has gained more attention in a restructured environment, as it is the sender of the price signals to many participants and investors and because sufficient transmission capacity guarantees equitable competition of generators. The restructuring of the electric energy industry has showed that it is vital for the power system operation to have more power flow control needs. Restructuring has imposed new economical and technical challenges and magnified traditional concerns. One of the main challenges is that the transmission network capability should be adequate to transport the contracted electric energy from sources to intended destinations, which ideally aims at reaching a congestion-free system. Energy prices in restructured power systems are mainly dependent on loading levels of transmission network, where congested transmission indicates that more dollars per MWh should be paid for energy. In addition, feasibility of more contracts to be held between supply and demand sides is directly related to available capability of transmission network. Earnings of transmission providers in a specific time horizon also depend on their transmission facility capabilities and whether or not transmission is constrained. The FACTS devices integrate a wide range of controlling devices and possess positive technological qualifications that make them enrich the flexibility of the existing power networks. Therefore, it would be beneficial to many power system participants to have control devices, such as thyristor-controlled phase angle regulator (TCPAR), to help existing power system facilities gain more power transfer capability. The TCPAR integrates a broad range of positive technical qualifications as it considerably provides control of basic power system parameters on which system performance depends. Its beneficial characteristics have made them more needed to help resolve some technical problems facing electric power industry to withstand growing power consumption and widening generation patterns and risks. The need for TCPAR is valuable and of more interest in deregulated power markets to improve the overall utilization of an electrical power network. The qualifications of the TCPAR grant a high ability to reduce losses, control steady-state power flow, and to efficiently and flexibly maximize line utilization and consequently increase system capability and improve reliability. Therefore, it can be utilized to enrich the flexibility of the existing power networks. The paper examines the TCPAR device for some uses in restructured power systems to show it is beneficial for new concerns raised in power system operations. We explore the economic value provided by inserting the TCPAR in transmission network as related to environment of restructured power system. Attention will be focused on congestion-related concerns, bidding results, transmission utilization and losses, and steady-state stability. To show effectiveness of the TCPAR, we use a model for energy market that involves both spot (pool) transactions and bilateral contracts. The paper considers the available alternatives of locating the TCPAR in the system. The problem of selecting the best location of TCPAR in the dispatch process of the competitive market is treated as a multicriteria decision-making process. The candidate locations of TCPAR are the alternatives which will be evaluated based on some proposed performance measures that suit outcomes of a competitive market dispatch process. The outcomes of this process are conflicting, with possibility of having different importance factors. Therefore, the one of the main targets of this paper is the selection of the best location of a candidate TCPAR in a transmission system. The outcomes considered in this paper are level of system usage, measure of LMPs, total system generation, measure of steady-state stability limits, and total transmission system losses. The paper proposes some performance indices that the dispatch decision-making entity the ISO can use to measures transmission congestion, energy prices, system utilization, system loss, and steady-state voltage stability margin. Based on agreed-upon preferences, the measures presented may help the ISO compare and rank dispatch scenarios to finally decide which dispatch among different dispatch scenarios is the optimal. For the ISO to make a compromise to decide which dispatch is better based on the established preferences or priorities, we will use a multicriteria decision support method that can handle complex conflicting-objective decision-making processes. There are several mutlicriteria decision-aid approaches or decision-support systems that have been proposed in the literature. Theses approaches are classified based on the type of decision model applied. In general, the different approaches are either based on a single utility function or based on pairwise comparisons. The first type of approaches is based on the notion of multi-attribute function where the criteria are aggregated in a single utility function that considers the preferences of the decision-making entity. The second type of approaches is based on the notion of outranking where alternative decisions are compared in a pairwise fashion. Both types have been also used in dealing with real world decision-making problems to help in the selection of the best compromise alternatives. Based on the established preferences (or priorities) and the proposed measures, we will suggest to use one or more of the available mutlicriteria decision-aid approaches to prioritize the dispatch alternatives. The presented work can be applied for additional alternatives and criteria that may face the ISO during the selection process of a dispatch among many available scenarios in different competitive electricity market structures.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></accession-num><call-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></call-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></notes><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></custom1><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></custom2><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></custom4><custom5><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></custom5><custom6><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></custom6><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></custom7><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></research-notes><num-vols><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></num-vols><orig-pub><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></orig-pub><reprint-edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></reprint-edition><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></auth-address><remote-database-name><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></remote-database-name><remote-database-provider><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></remote-database-provider><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></label><access-date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></access-date></record></records></xml>
