<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Camilo Tautiva</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fredy Rodriguez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Angela Cadena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Optimal Placement of Distributed Generation on Distribution Networks</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 44th International Universities Power Engineering Conference</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Distributed Generation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Power system planning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></edition><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">University of Strathclyde</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Competitive power market development is based on free and non-discriminatory access to networks for both generators and consumers. This can be achieved through well defined rules for injecting or withdrawing power from the network at specific locations and strict control of its application. Contracts should establish fair tariffs for reimbursing transmission use, and guarantying adequate network infrastructure expansion. Power market growth and accelerated technical progress have led to plants size and unitary capacity cost reductions. This trend has led to new investments in generation with private participation. Environmentally-friendly renewable energy technologies and cleaner fossil fuel technologies are driving the demand for distributed energy generation. Final users will be able to deliver energy on their own and to supply energy to the grid at low voltages. Energy reliability and security will be improved and electricity losses will be reduced. Distributed Generation (DG) is associated with the use of small generation units located close to or in the load centers. DG can be implemented either by the end users or by distribution utilities. Final consumers get an alternative supply for peak consumption or a back up option. Distribution companies see it as an interesting option to reduce losses, to deal with the high cost of not supplied energy, or to avoid or delay network expansion. There are several factors that must be taken into account in the planning process of expanding distribution system with DG: the number and capacity of DG units, best locations and technology, the network connection, capacity of existing system, protection system, etc. Different methodologies and tools have been developed to identify optimal places to install DG capacity. These methodologies are based on optimization programs or heuristic techniques. Technical restrictions that evaluate different aspects like losses, reliability, voltage levels, protection schemes, among others, are included. In this paper we propose and develop a heuristic methodology to obtain the optimal placement and size DG in order to minimize the distribution utilitys cost. We consider technical aspects like energy losses, reliability, voltage levels and protection schemes, as well as economic aspects like price of energy, investment and operating cost of DG, cost of losses and not supplied energy, among others. Results are compared with those obtained from an optimization program.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></accession-num><call-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></call-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></notes><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></custom1><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></custom2><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></custom4><custom5><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></custom5><custom6><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></custom6><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></custom7><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></research-notes><num-vols><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></num-vols><orig-pub><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></orig-pub><reprint-edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></reprint-edition><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></auth-address><remote-database-name><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></remote-database-name><remote-database-provider><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></remote-database-provider><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></label><access-date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></access-date></record></records></xml>
