<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salem M. Elkhodary</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hassan Mahmoud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soliman El-Debeiky</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medhat Khafagy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdul Rahman Twijry</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Distribution Network Planning in Fast Developing Countries Based on an Investigated Accurate Cost Function</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 44th International Universities Power Engineering Conference</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Power System Operation and Control</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Power system planning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></edition><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">University of Strathclyde</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">With the advent of need to larger bulks of electric energy to meet the ambitious development plans in rich and fast developing countries, load growth attains high rates of increase. In turn, Electricity Companies build rapidly generating plants, transmission and distribution networks to meet the rapid load demand. Usually, power system expansion follows the load growth which may exist at random locations. This adds to the absence of prior proper planning, especially medium and long term planning, resulting in network configurations that do not match with optimum siting and sizing planning rules. Operation of such networks faces several problems that may sacrifice the power quality. Therefore, rehabilitation of such networks and planning for further expansions of the networks should be based on the accurate selection of substations sites and sizes and consequently the proper sizes and routes of the incoming and outgoing feeders. This, in turn, depends not only on the accurate forecast of load growth and load density but also on the selection of an accurate cost function appropriate for optimum siting and sizing of network substations and hence the configurations of the HV feeding (incoming) and the MV distribution (outgoing) network feeders. 2 This paper, therefore, presents an investigated new and accurate cost function appropriate for optimum siting and sizing of distribution network substations. Different from previous formulae of cost functions that ignore energy conservation, represented by network losses which may, in many cases, be of considerable and effective values, the presently investigated cost function considered all factors that can affect the optimum sites and capacities of distribution network elements, such as energy losses, operation, and maintenance costs. The losses in transformers, HV feeders and MV feeders are considered and minimized, yielding a cost function, on application to the case of networks in fast developing countries, such as Jeddah network, not only did save energy losses raising the energy conservation measure, but also did save the need to a large number of substations and associated networks in future, given by the known approximate formulae. On the application of the investigated accurate formula to the planning of an actual case (Jeddah Network), and compared with the plans when using other formulae, it has been found that optimally, the number of existing substations can be sufficient up to the year 2023, only increasing the substations capacities and reinforcing the network feeders. Such a finding not only saves energy but also saves future capital costs besides realizing the proper rules of planning where optimum siting and sizing of network elements is considered. Further, on defining the optimum number and capacities of substations, the best connections and supply feeders could be obtained. The optimum number of feeders routes and their sizes verify the energy conservation measure of minimum losses as well as standard limits of 3 voltage drop. Through reactive power compensation, losses are further minimized besides saving the limits of reactive power supply towards the source i.e. reactive power required from the EHV network and then the generation, thus, a proposed scheme for the network on the year 2023 is presented. It is believed that such findings save much to the economy of the Electricity Company in such a fast developing country, in addition to easier and practical operational scheme. Key words : Cost function. Objective function. Distribution network planning. Optimum siting and sizing of substation.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></accession-num><call-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></call-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></notes><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></custom1><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></custom2><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></custom4><custom5><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></custom5><custom6><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></custom6><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></custom7><research-notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></research-notes><num-vols><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></num-vols><orig-pub><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></orig-pub><reprint-edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></reprint-edition><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></auth-address><remote-database-name><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></remote-database-name><remote-database-provider><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></remote-database-provider><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></label><access-date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></access-date></record></records></xml>
